Essay on Tortures Acceptability

Can Torture Be Acceptable? The concept of torture can take on many different connotations. It can actually mean different things to each person based on his/her belief system. And the term can also differ in meaning based on the context in which it is used. Some people would define torture as the unlawful misery inflicted upon an innocent person. Others might say that it is a punishment imposed upon a person as a result of his or her actions. Some people might even consider the use of force by law enforcement officials to get information from suspected criminals as torture. So, this concept can actually be considered from various perspectives with different shades of meaning. The question as to whether torture is acceptable again depends on which particular form of it the question refers to. Of course, not all forms of torture might be acceptable. Nothing done in an unlawful manner to an innocent party can be acceptable by any means. Everyone would be unanimous in agreeing that this kind of torture is not acceptable. But when it comes to other forms, the issue can get quite tricky. For instance, some people might label any kind of punishment as torture. Solitary confinement, capital and other forms of punishment are still meted out by law to offenders, but some people can consider these as torture, while others might claim that it is a lawful form of retribution for an unlawful act. So, the whole debate on torture can center on whether or not it is acceptable to punish unlawful behavior. Until that question is resolved completely, we may have to wait to get a comprehensive answer on torture.

Genetic Factors And Its Effects On The Silk Road - 763 Words

Prevalence of BD is higher in geographical areas along the Silk Road, covering the region from the Mediterranean through the Far East. Prevalence studies in Turkey revealed that the prevalence of BD varied between 20 and 421 per 100 000 in adults with a higher frequency detected in Anatolia compared to Europe [12]. BD is considered as both autoimmune disease and autoinflammatory disorder. It is thought that common environmental factors play a role in development of BD, however it is suggested that onset of disease occurs only in genetically predisposed individuals. Genetic factors have been scrutinized widely in BD. Familial aggregation studies in patients with BD suggest a strong genetic background and intricate inheritance model.†¦show more content†¦MIF is a pro-inflammatory cytokine reported to be related with the pathophysiology of several inflammatory reactions. MIF is largely expressed component of the immune system that is produced in response to various stimuli su ch as lipopolysaccharide (via toll-like receptor-4, TLR-4), pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-ÃŽ ± and INF-ÃŽ ³, and hypoxia [18]. MIF then up-regulates the expression of TLR-4, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and plays a role as a cofactor for the activation of T-cells. Research has shown that MIF levels are increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [19], systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [20], insulin resistance [21], and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [22]. All these disorders are associated with persistent inflammation, it is crucial to search for elucidating the role of MIF in pathogenesis of the disease. Furthermore, an elevated MIF concentration was found in the serum and in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis and neuro-Behà §et [23]. Also, the mean MIF levels in the sera of the patients with Behà §et uveitis and iridocyclitis was found to be higher than those of healthy control subjects [24, 25]. Also, it was reported that the mean s erum level of MIF in patients with BD was higher in patients with BD than in healthy controls [26, 27]. Variants in promoter have an impact on the basal and/or inducedShow MoreRelatedThe Transformation Of Collective Learning898 Words   |  4 Pagesexchange and therefor increasing the ability for collective learning. The establishment of trade between these civilisations opened up more possibilities for the exchange of information and technology, one of these was the establishment of the Silk Road a network of trade routes linking the east Eurasia with the west. Theses series of trade routes linked most of the known world of the time and allowed new technologies and information to be shared more effectively. Additionally the use of messengersRead More Eating Disorders and Alcohol Abuse Essay2965 Words   |  12 Pagessubstantiating a correlation between these two behavioral and addictive disorders. Alcoholism affects nearly 14 million United States citizens (http://silk.nih.gov/ silk/niaaa1/publication/booklet.htm ). The four basic elements of this disease include a craving for, loss of control over, physical dependence on, and tolerance to alcohol (http://silk.nih.gov/silk/niaaa1/publication/booklet.htm). Unfortunately, there is no cure for alcoholism, although various forms of treatment have become available. Eating disordersRead MoreAgriculture and Technology6502 Words   |  27 Pagesincreased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects. Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry such as intensive pig farming (and similar practices applied to the chicken) have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal cruelty and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production. The major agriculturalRead MoreThe Effects of Overpopulation Consumption Essay3165 Words   |  13 Pagessmall groups. If a population is small, consumption is at a low rate. If a population is large, consumption rates are high. When consumption rates are high resources tend to be depleted faster. Many factors go into determining population size and the consumption rate of a population. Some of the factors include fertility rates, age expectancy, technological advances, immigration, and environmental conditions. Whether this is favorable to the planet or not, consumption is influenced dramatically byRead MoreSocial Behavior Among Monkeys May Be More Nature Than Nurture5979 Words   |  24 Pagesof inheritability of social behavior traits among non-human primates has important implications for people as it reinforces other research that suggests that such characteristics as sociability and impulsive aggressiveness among humans may have a genetic basis, said Dario Maestripieri, Asso ciate Professor in Human Development at the University. The work with monkeys may help other researchers understand the biological origins of characteristics that promote socialization among humans, he said. HisRead MoreMineral Resources18511 Words   |  75 PagesTimber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people b. Water Resources: Use and over-utilisation of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams – benefits and problems. c. Mineral Resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies. 16 20 20 22 22 23 26 30 32 d. Food Resources: World food problems, Changes in landuse by agriculture and grazing, Effects of modern agriculture, Fertilizer/ pesticideRead MoreThe Marijuana Growers Guide9909 Words   |  40 Pages2] Chemical Insecticides [16.3] Common Pests [16.4] Vertebrate Pests [16.5] Flowering, Breeding and Propagation Genetics and Sex in Cannabis [17] Flowering [17.2] Sexual Variants in Cannabis [17.3] Sexing the Plants [17.4] SinsemillaRead MoreConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 PagesTheory, which claims that human behavior is exclusively determined by genetics and heredity. At birth, a persons behavior is already formed and determined by his genetic structure. The above-mentioned environmental forces he encounters later on in life have no influence on his behavior.[25] Over the last few decades, there has been an increase in scholars that neither support the Blank Slate doctrine, nor do they solely promote genetics and heredity as the determinant of human behavior. These academicsRead MoreAn Introduction to Hydrophonics and Controlled Environment Agriculture40110 Words   |  161 PagesIntroduction to Hydroponics and Controlled Environment Agriculture by Patricia A. Rorabaugh, Ph.D. University of Arizona Controlled Environment Agriculture Center 1951 E. Roger Road Tucson, AZ 85719 Revised December, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: Controlled Environment Agriculture and Hydroponics: Past, Present and Future The Plant How to grow greenhouse crops Plant Protection: Insects and Diseases Basic Principals of Hydroponics Transplant Production Pollination, Fertilization and BeeRead MoreProshika Ngo12465 Words   |  50 Pagesdistricts in 1975, the organization formally emerged in October, 1976. The name PROSHIKA is an acronym of three Bangla words, which stand for training, education, and action. PROSHIKA knows that the road to a poverty-free society is not strewn with flowers. From its long experience of treading on this road PROSHIKA also knows how to rise to the occasion and cope with difficult circumstances. It is in this indomitable spirit that PROSHIKA carried out its programmes and tried to reach the fruits of its

Teenage Pregnancy Is A Growing Problem - 1782 Words

Introduction Teenage pregnancy is a growing problem today even though statistically over the history it has improved the U.S. still has the highest teen pregnancy rate. These issues have a spiraling effect with the teenage parents or the mother. Financial, academic, and childcare for a teenage parent can be stressful and demanding more so with a teenager. Not only will the child of the teenager be affected but the parent and the community will have adverse effect. Thesis Even though with proper information on sexual education and the risks of teenage pregnancy such as health, financial and mental can help reduce the numbers in the future. Teenage pregnancy can put many burden on the parents and the community (local or federal†¦show more content†¦Peer Pressure: Social status is a good contributing factor when it comes to school. Most teens want the status of being popular and in some cases, they find that being sexually active give the perception of maturity and being cool. Most teen pregnancies are because of the girls lack of confidence or self-worth, this leads into them feeling ugly and eventually doing sexual favors for the guys to get attention. When these teenagers continue to conduct unprotected sex eventually this can lead to pregnancy. The Kaiser Family Foundation states that more than 29 percent of pregnant teens reported that they felt pressured to have sex, and 33 percent of pregnant teens stated that they felt that they were not ready for a sexual relationship, but proceeded anyway because they feared ridicule or rejection (Langham, 2015). Lack of Parental guidance: Another reason that the teens get pregnant is that they lack the guidance from their parent especially, when it’s a single parent. Parent are either too busy or their teen feels like they can’t talk about sex and end up with little to no information. Some parents can put a lot of restrictions to their teenager, especially girls to protect them from harm. This can lead to increased frustration, curiosity, or even feeling of not being loved from overprotection. There are more motivators to have sex today than not for early teenagers. In the United State, a child born to a teen are very likely toShow MoreRelatedTeenage Moms That Are Still In High School Get Pregnant1391 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage moms that are still in high school get pregnant at a young age, and are not able to support themselves or their child. There were just under a quarter million pregnancies in women ages fifteen to nineteen in 2014. About eighty-five percent of these pr egnancies are unplanned, which in any population can increase the risk for problems. The biggest risk for teen mothers is delaying prenatal care or worse, about seven percent received no care at all. According to CDC, In 2014, almost 250,000Read MoreGrowing Up Of Poverty : An Important Aspect That Maintains An Individual s Place Essay842 Words   |  4 PagesAnuja Kattel Mrs. Smith ENGL 1113 Comp I MWF 11:00 27th October 2016 Growing up in Poverty Economic status is an important aspect that maintains an individual’s place in the society. Economic status is the thing that matters more than gender, race or religion. Though it is not the actual fact but it is believed that you need to have an economic standard to create your identity in society. Society doesn’t give respect to poor and this is heart breaking. Poverty not only prevents you from gettingRead More Teens Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pages a national problem needs to addressed. Is America’s youth being educated in regards to preventing teenage pregnancy? Did you know that approximately every two minutes, a teenage girl in the United States gives birth (Guernsey 6)? 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With television shows broadcasting shows such as â€Å"16 and Pregnant† and â€Å"Teen Mom†, it is giving teenage girls the idea that it is alright to have premarital sex and become pregnant. It is in a way condoning teen pregnancy. I am interested in discussing teen pregnancy and the options that are out there for theRead MoreSexual Education And Sex Education1358 Words   |  6 Pageshad an unplanned pregnancy? Do they know their options about abortion or adoption or keeping the baby? Will young adults know the results of their choices? Sexual education teaches all of the following, and kids in the curriculum are more likely to defend themselves in a plot when they were approached by a stranger (â€Å"Teaching children in schools†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Sexual education teaches students about sexual health, abstinence, and information such as contraception, condoms, unplanned pregnancies, and sexually transmittedRead MoreShould Society Support Pregnant Teens Essay947 Words   |  4 Pageswe should not increase the financial support. Who is to say that the baby should suffer from the choices the mother made? It is important that throughout the pregnancy a teen has an adult to look up to and ask for help. This will insure the mothers health and reduce stresses during pregnancy and the babies health during and after pregnancy. When parents of pregnant teens first find out that their child is pregnant they probably experience a wide range of emotions, from shock and disappointmentRead MoreTeen Pregnancy and Ways to Prevent It1710 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract: Teen pregnancy is an important issue all over the country. This is an ongoing problem that must be dealt with. Teenage pregnancy can ruin a teen’s life and also the life of an infant. In this paper I will discuss the many aspects of teenage pregnancy and how it affects the life of a teenager. Each year in the US almost 1 million teens become pregnant. While the facts are clear, the issues of teenage pregnancy are complicated. Talk of sex is everywhere in our society and young girlsRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Costs The United States1577 Words   |  7 Pages Section One: â€Å"Why?† The United States has the highest rates of teen pregnancy and births in the western industrialized world. Teen pregnancy costs the United States at least $7 billion annually. Family First Aid has stated that â€Å"thirty-four percent of young women become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of 20 — about 820,000 a year. Eight in ten of these teen pregnancies are unintended and 79 percent are to unmarried teens.† You may ask why so many teens are pregnant. It may be because

Personality and Job Performance Purposeful Work Behaviour

Question: Describe about the Personality and Job Performance for Purposeful Work Behaviour. Answer: Introduction This paper is based on a research aiming at determining the relationship between job performance and personality. The topic of the relationship between job performance and personality is the most studied subject by the Organizational behavior students and industrial psychologists (Barrick Mount 2013, p. 136). Job performance is defined by Barrick and Mount (2013) as a construct which is multi-dimensional. It indicates how best employees perform their duties and the initiative they take that results to how the resourcefulness they portray in solving problems. Furthermore, it also shows how the employees utilize the available resources and the energy and time that they spend on their tasks (Barros et.al 2014, p. 440). What affects the job performance can be affected by some situational factors that include the organization, features of the job, and the co-workers. Therefore, job performance is mainly influenced by the need for change, amplitude, effective temperate, self-regard, and the interaction between the named constructs. In regards to this fact, most psychologists have over time questioned the credibility of the importance of personality with regards to prediction of job performance. However, going by the illustration by Hassan et.al (2016), most of the research on matters of personality and job performance has yielded evidence that relates the two with personality being a useful tool in measuring any job-related criteria. In an attempt to discuss more on the topic, we look at the relationship between job performance and personality from the traits point of view, also regarded as the five personality dimensions. Before studying the concepts under the big five personality dimension, it is relevant to understand that the relevance of the dimensions differs by culture. The dimensions include conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, and Openness to experience. Neuroticism. This is a personality dimension that is normal. Neuroticism indicates the universal tendency to experience negative effects like anger, sadness, embarrassment, guilt, disgust, and fear. The individuals having high score in this category may be subjected to higher risks of psychiatric problems. According to Brown and Sitzmann (2011), a higher Neuroticism score implies that the person is prone to experiencing unreasonable ideas and poor coping with stress. More so, the individuals in this category can be said to be having difficulties in controlling impulses too. However, the individuals who experience low score of Neuroticism have higher emotional stability. It is, therefore, evident that Neuroticism is an ideal predictor of performance in various occupations. Going by their assertion, emotional stability is regarded as the second most among the important characteristics that are known to affect the employment of a candidate. It was noted further that Neuroticism is inversely proportional to the job performance. Nevertheless, Chan (2014) predicts that Neuroticism only predicts the job performance in specific circumstances. Extraversion. Talkativeness, assertiveness, and sociability all fall under Extraversion. It is within this dimension that we find the terms "extroverts" and introverts." Extraverts tend to be more optimistic and energetic whereas introverts are a bit reserved, independent, and even-paced. Furthermore, Dala and Crede (2013) insists that positive experiences and feelings characterize Extraversion, hence seen as a positive effect. Most research points at Extraversion as an ideal predictor of job performance that are characterized by social interactions like managers and sales personnel. Lloyd (2016) also found out that Extraversion affects the job performance of a police officer basing his arguments on the existence of a higher level of interaction in the police service. Openness to Experience. Openness to Experience comprises of the attentiveness to the inner feelings, active imagination, and preference for variety, aesthetic sensitivity, independence of judgment, and the intellectual curiosity. The individuals that score low on the openness are always a bit of conventional in both the behavior and also conservative in the outside look. On the other hand, the individuals with higher scores in this category are somehow muted with preparedness to question authority and also ready to entertain political and social ideas as well as entertaining new ethical ideas. A recent research ascertains that Openness to Experience is one of the best dimension applicable in matters dealing with consultations. The findings had it that most successful employees had a low score on the Openness to Experience. However, Natoli (2003) contradicts the same and states that it is not one of the best or invalid predictor of job performance. This is explainable by considering after establishing that different jobs have different requirements, hence not standard. Agreeableness. In simpler term, this concept refers to an individual who is fundamentally altruistic who does not only sympathize, but also eager to help others in given situations. On the other hand, a disagreeable are rather skeptical of other people's intentions. Agreeableness is an important predictor of an individual's performance. It is further clear that agreeable is the master when it comes to predicting the job performance. Having said that, it is a debatable source of success in occupations that involves teamwork and customer service. Conscientiousness. Shaffer and Postlethwaite (2013) explains conscientiousness to be the self-control achievable and useful in planning, determined, and strong-willed. On the other hand, a higher conscientiousness workers would develop annoying fastidiousness, workaholic behavior, or compulsive neatness. Again, the low scoring individuals in this category may have the morals, yes, but might fail to apply them appropriately. According Zigarmi et.al (2016), the relationship between job performance and Conscientiousness is attributable to the relationship between integrity and Conscientiousness (Hassan et.al 2016, p. 12). Furthermore, goal setting and autonomy influences the relationship between conscientiousness. Discussion Most people believe that the personality factors plays a very crucial part in job performance. However, the psychologists have a different literature that regards the issue of personality factors as equivocal. Therefore, Dala and Crede (2013) concluded that the ground for optimism with reference to the implementation of personality tests in predicting the performance of the employees. It is believed that the workers who lean most towards Extraversion and are vulnerable to have irrational ideas are poor in coping up with stressful conditions. Such individuals are known to be less creative compared to the emotionally stable. Therefore, given that the extraversion is associated with creativity and performance, it tends to experience utmost positive affect in employees. The conical analysis is a confirmation that the Openness to Experience is correlated to the performance and creativity. With regards to this, the employees who tend to be open to experiences shows attentiveness to feelings, aesthetic sensitivity, and active imagination. As a result, such employees always attract higher ratings on their performance and creativity at the workplace. Similarly, Conscientiousness is also associated with creativity and task performance. As confirmed by Lloyd (2016), the conscientious employees are better than the less conscientious in performing the duties at the workplace. Furthermore, the management performance is confirmed to be related to the emotional stability and openness to experience. However, some limitations still crop up whenever the topic on job performance and personality is discussed. To begin with, the latest research that was conducted on the same lack the predictive validity design. This results to the fleeing of most of the poor performers who cannot cope with the system at the place of work. Therefore, it is advisable to establish the most accurate direction of the. Limitations, Contributions, and Future Research In order to establish the facts, the topic requires a direct engagement with the subjects, who tend to be employees of a given organization. On the same note, it is clear that whenever a research is performed, the point of exhaustion of the list of traits that can moderate the personality. Also, it might become a tasking operation in determining all other cues. As stated by Brown and Sitzmann (2011), most researchers tend to focus mostly on the job-based or task-based cues such as human resource systems or social factors. Therefore, to enhance future research, there is a need for studying the variables as the situational moderators. Secondly, most models used in the research tends to ground in the degree at which the personality traits expresses themselves in the job performance. Therefore, the possibility in the case for which the personality expresses itself in behavior is omitted. According to Eggerth (2015), there is a necessity of ensuring that more appropriate approaches are developed for future research. The improvisation should aim at researching on how situations activate or impede the expression of the traits and how the traits get manifested in specific job behaviors that lead to performance. Besides, some cases tend to be irregular for instance in a case where an extravert feels like or behave like an extravert, or feel more motivated to produce the assertion behaviors. The third related issue is the measurement consideration. This aspect is mainly dependent on the intimately situational differences. This difference revolves around the organization, occupation, and the nature of the work. Looking at this, a typical example is a case whereby an accountant would prefer to work as an accountant in a keratin organization or place but not at another organization. This means that motivations and ability of each employee determine the job performance of each employee. Furthermore, at times idiosyncrasies develops making every other person argue that situational approach is the best. Another possible explanation that brings out the lack of pure relationship between the the task performance and dimensions of personality is the ineffective well-defined correlation between the two. It is, therefore, true to state that the personality dimensions influences the job performance in places where there is high autonomy (Lloyd 2016, p. 8). However, most studies have various limitations, to begin with, most research lacks the validity design which later affects the magnitude of the correlation coefficients that are obtainable. The most experienced disadvantage of the design is that most research is conducted amidst resignation of poor performers hence leading to wrong results. For that reason, most of the research designs fail to meet the criteria for determining the direction of the relationship obtained. Having done research on the interrelationship between the job performance and personality of a high school Principal, the result showed there is a direct relation between his traits and job performance. Looking at the principals personality character traits (introversion/extroversion) and the performance aspect (educational, managerial, professional, and administrative, it is true to say that there is a correlation. It comes out true to the assertion by Glavin (2015) that a performance of extroverted employees or top managers is better than for the introverted fellows. In considering the multiple regressions obtained about the personality characteristics and the employees performance score, the results shows variation. The central question that needs a lot of understanding is the relationship between an introverted principal and extroverted principal considering their various administrative and managerial procedures. The study has investigated the correlation between the five personality traits and the job performance based on the role of multidimensional organizational commitment. The theoretical model which was developed and the personality to commitment and performance shows that the consequence of organizational commitment is inevitable (Wei 2016, p. 872). The argument, therefore, stands that the commitment of an organization plays a vital part to determine the performance- personality relationship. Having said that, affective commitment also has a mediating part in determining the correlation between job performance and extraversion. Similarly, affective commitment can also resolve the relationship between job performance and neuroticism. Personality and job performance Going by the large-scale research data obtained from thousands of employees on the relationship between job performance and personality, Seddigh et.al (2016) argues that certain personality traits are relevant and significantly predict job performance. With this assumption, the possibility to support the use of personality in some employee selection in given job categories. The following are some of the specified job categories where a selection of employees can be based on specific personal traits. Sales Considering the sales position, conscientiousness is one of the best traits necessary in predicting the future performance. Apart from conscientiousness, extraversion as a trait comes second and is also necessary. With that, it follows that an employee with conscientiousness and extraversion traits makes the best sales person (Eggerth 2015, p. 458). Customer Service Given that the employee in this sector mingles with a lot of individuals from different diversities and background, it requires that the employees have multiple traits. In this category, conscientiousness again is the first character necessary in predicting the expected performance by the employee. Besides, Agreeableness and Openness to experience are also of great necessity when it comes to customer service job. According to Eggerth (2015), the call center employees productivity depends on their emotional stability, conscientiousness, and agreeableness which are all significant in improving. However, it creates an unusual mix that implies the complexity pattern of personality-based jobs that are rather demanding and complicated depending on the interpersonal interactions. Wei (2016) shows another hierarchy on the same giving conscientiousness as the strongest predictor followed by emotional stability, which according to him, is less significant. Whether skilled or semi-skilled, it is evident that at some given time, ones personality would determine how he/she performs his/her duties. Professional With regards to professional occupations, each profession has a different mix of personal traits that predicts the performance. However, conscientiousness is common to any profession of all the big five traits. Conscientiousness is the mother of all the personal traits that significantly predicts performance (Eggerth 2015, p. 458). Leadership Leadership begins from somewhere and is seen in two ways. The first leadership deals with how a regular employee emerges as a leader, and the second phase is how they perform once they get to the managerial post. Leadership emergence is strongly associated with the conscientiousness and extraversion. On the same note, leadership effectiveness, and good managerial performance are also dependent on the conscientiousness and extraversion. The personal traits, therefore, makes an employee to get noticed as a potential leader but become less important once one clinch to the leadership position (Brown and Sitzmann 2011, p. 470). This is factual given that leadership roles are complex and different set of skills and personality traits are only effective to specific leadership. Personality vs. other predictors Whenever an organization gets overenthusiastic on the possibility of populating their staff with certain personalities, they tend to forget that personality only represents a segment of a wider picture. Besides, in each organization, the process of identifying the best predictors requires a vigorous job performance analysis. Therefore, it is important to note that each trait may be less or more important in different contexts. Recommendations Going by the findings of the various researches concerning personality and job performance, organizations have to do something extra in establishing the connection. It is necessary for the relevant bodies to envisage the personality of the employees while predicting managerial performance and creativity. However, conducting more research is necessary before using the results to predict job performance since they might not have been achieved in a particular context. On the same note, a broader sampling is needful when it comes to establish the relationship between personality dimensions and job performance. Furthermore, the affects of language and cultural differences on the relationship between dimension and job performance need to be considered in the study. Conclusion Of all the predictors, conscientiousness is above any other regarding performance prediction across all job types. Second in the hierarchy, after conscientiousness is emotional stability. However, depending on the type of job, additional traits might become necessary. For instance, the jobs that have a stronger interpersonal component such as managerial and customer service would require agreeableness and openness at higher levels in predicting the possible outcome of the performance. However, new researches are underway in determining the possibility and how to combine the specific traits for each of the big-five for more efficiency in predicting job performances. List of references Barros, E, Kausel, E, Cuadra, F, Daz, D 2014, 'Using General Mental Ability and Personality Traits to Predict Job Performance in Three Chilean Organizations', International Journal Of Selection Assessment, 22, 4, pp. 432-438, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Brown, K, Sitzmann, T 2011, 'Training and employee development for improved performance', APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, Vol 2: Selecting and developing members for the organization pp. 469-503 Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association PsycBOOKS, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. BARRICK, M, MOUNT, M, LI, N 2013, 'THE THEORY OF PURPOSEFUL WORK BEHAVIOR: THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY, HIGHER-ORDER GOALS, AND JOB CHARACTERISTICS', Academy Of Management Review, 38, 1, pp. 132-153, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Chan, D 2014, 'Advances in modeling dimensionality and dynamics of job performance', The nature of work: Advances in psychological theory, methods, and practice pp. 211-228 Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association PsycBOOKS, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Dalal, R, Cred, M 2013, 'Job satisfaction and other job attitudes', APA handbook of testing and assessment in psychology, Vol. 1: Test theory and testing and assessment in industrial and organizational psychology pp. 675-691 Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association PsycBOOKS, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Eggerth, DE 2015, 'Job satisfaction, job performance, and success', APA handbook of career intervention, Volume 2: Applications pp. 453-463 Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association PsycBOOKS, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Fuller Jr., J, Kester, K, Cox, S 2010, 'Proactive Personality and Job Performance: Exploring Job Autonomy as a Moderator', Journal Of Managerial Issues, 22, 1, pp. 35-51, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Glavin, K 2015, 'Measuring and assessing career maturity and adaptability', APA handbook of career intervention, Volume 2: Applications pp. 183-192 Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association PsycBOOKS, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Hassan, S, Akhtar, N, YÄÂ ±lmaz, A 2016, 'Impact of the Conscientiousness as Personality Trait on both Job and Organizational Performance', Journal Of Managerial Sciences, 10, 1, pp. 1-14, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Lloyd, J 2016, 'When Personality, Not Performance, Is the Issue', Receivables Report For America's Health Care Financial Managers, 31, 2, pp. 9-10, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Lu, B, Guo, X, Luo, N, Chen, G 2015, 'Corporate Blogging and Job Performance: Effects of Work-related and Nonwork-related Participation', Journal Of Management Information Systems, 32, 4, pp. 285-314, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Natoli, JJ 2003, 'The Organizational Personality and Employee Performance', Nonprofit World, 21, 1, pp. 25-26, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Seddigh, A, Berntson, E, Platts, L, Westerlund, H 2016, 'Does Personality Have a Different Impact on Self-Rated Distraction, Job Satisfaction, and Job Performance in Different Office Types?', Plos ONE, 11, 5, pp. 1-14, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Shaffer, J, Postlethwaite, B 2013, 'The Validity of Conscientiousness for Predicting Job Performance: A meta-analytic test of two hypotheses', International Journal Of Selection Assessment, 21, 2, pp. 183-199, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. 'Seek out the humble and honest: PERSONALITY TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER JOB PERFORMANCE' 2011, Industrial Engineer: IE, 43, 5, p. 12, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Uppal, N, Mishra, S, Vohra, N 2014, 'Prior Related Work Experience and Job Performance: Role of personality', International Journal Of Selection Assessment, 22, 1, pp. 39-51, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. WEI, L 2016, 'EFFECTS OF POSITIVE MOOD AND JOB COMPLEXITY ON EMPLOYEE CREATIVITY AND PERFORMANCE', Social Behavior Personality: An International Journal, 44, 5, pp. 865-880, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. ZIGARMI, D, HOUSON, D, DIEHL, J, WITT, D 2016, '10 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT PROCESS GAPS', Training, 53, 4, pp. 30-32, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016.

Wealth, Class and Power in the 19th century

It is possible to say that economic, industrial, and intellectual trends, which emerged in the nineteenth century, contributed to the growing inequalities in many European societies. Moreover, one should speak about the growing class division which can be explained by the fact that a growing number of people became dissatisfied with the lack of opportunities for climbing social ladder. This argument can be best illustrated by examining the primary sources that can throw light on the experiences of people who lived during that period.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Wealth, Class and Power in the 19th century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To some degree, this confrontation can be explained by extremely poor working conditions that could destroy the health of an individual. For instance, it is possible to mention Sadler Commission Report on Child labor. This document shows that children could be beaten and humil iated by foremen[1]. Moreover, these people did not have many opportunities to improve their living conditions even though they could be working since the age of eight. This is one of the issues that can be singled out. The hostility between various classes could be intensified because workers could believe that they were dehumanized by their employers. In order to understand the causes of this hostility one can look at the extremely rigid rules that regulated workers’ behavior. According to these rules, workers could be fined for every deviation from the procedures established by the management [2]. To some degree, this situation can be explained by rapid development of technologies during the nineteenth century. This trend reduced the bargaining power of workers whose services were of lesser importance to manufacturers. Admittedly, there were people, who attempted to show that there had been no need to speak about injustice. For instance, one can mention Samuel Smiles and h is book Self-Help and Thrift. He wanted to emphasize the idea that the social inequalities could be explained by the individual qualities of a person. For instance, he said that poverty could be explained by â€Å"individual idleness, selfishness, and vice†[3]. This rhetoric could not fully explain the origins of inequalities. However, it could intensify the hostility toward more prosperous people. In turn, the arguments put forward by Samuel Smiles were less popular in comparison with the ideas of Karl Marx[4]. These examples show that the nineteenth century was marked by the growing class division. To some degree, this process can be attributed to the declining bargaining power of workers. Moreover, one should speak about the ethical critique of capitalism.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Dooday, Graeme. The Morals of Measurement: Accuracy, Irony, and Trust in Late Victorian Electrical Practice, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Print. Perry, Marvin. Sources of the Western Tradition: Volume II: From the Renaissance to the Present, New York: Cengage Learning, 2008. Print. Footnotes Marvin Perry. Sources of the Western Tradition: Volume II: From the Renaissance to the Present (New York: Cengage Learning, 2008) 143. Perry 148. Smiles, as cited in Perry 150. Dooday, Graeme. The Morals of Measurement: Accuracy, Irony, and Trust in Late Victorian Electrical Practice (NY: Cambridge University Press, 2004) 66. This essay on Wealth, Class and Power in the 19th century was written and submitted by user Elisa Hopper to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Profile of Serial Rapist and Killer Cesar Barone

Profile of Serial Rapist and Killer Cesar Barone Cesar Barone was a convicted serial rapist and murderer whose preferred victims who were senior-aged women. Even the hardest of criminals found Barone repulsive and his crimes so inhuman and revolting that there was an exception to the rule among the inmates, that in his case, snitching on him was acceptable. Childhood Years Cesar Barone  was born Adolph James Rode on December 4, 1960, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. For the first four years of his life, Barone received loving attention from his parents and his older brother and sister. But soon after turning four, his mother fell in love with another man and left the family. Rodes father worked as a carpenter and struggled to maintain a balance between working and raising three children on his own. It was not long before he had a girlfriend, Brenda, who would often care for the children when Rode had to work. During that time, she developed a special relationship with Jimmy because he was the youngest and because he was the most difficult of three children to discipline. In March 1967, Rode and Brenda married and she seemed to naturally glide into the role of step-mother. She had a good relationship with the two older children, but after caring for Barone for two years, she had developed some real concerns about his development. She told Rode senior that the child needed psychiatric care. Although he agreed, he never made the arrangements. Other than having to deal with disciplinary problems with Barone, life in the Rode home was going along nicely. Rode senior was making more money in his new job as superintendent and the family moved to a new home in an upscale neighborhood. The children enjoyed their own swimming pool and visited Brendas mother regularly at her ranch where there were ponies for the kids to ride. However, life began to sour after Barone started going to school. Brenda received regular calls from Barones teachers in regards to his bad behavior. He was always stealing toys in nursery school. He was expelled from kindergarten because he was such a troublemaker. In the first grade, his behavior grew even worse and he began to threaten the other children, sometimes with knives, other times with lit cigarettes. Barone was so difficult to deal with that that he was banned from coming into the school lunchroom. Brendas attempts to discipline Barone failed. Barones father dealt with his sons problems by making an effort to show him more attention. He would take Barone and his older son Ricky to play golf and attend sporting events. Teen Years By the time Barone reached his early teens, he was out of control. He had become a regular drug user, often smoking pot and downing LSD or snorting cocaine. He regularly shoplifted especially for beer, burglarized nearby homes and harassed his elderly neighbors for money. The pressure in the Rode home became intense, as did the family arguments over how to deal with Barones poor behavior and his obvious lack of respect for Brenda. Unhappy with the situation, Rode and Brenda separated, and Barone got what he had hoped for - Brenda was out of the picture. Without her constantly monitoring his behavior and reporting it all to his father, Barones behavior grew even worse as did his obvious disdain for women. Alice Stock Alice Stock was a 70-year-old retired teacher that lived alone, not far from the neighborhood where the Rodes lived. On the evening of October 5, 1976, Stock called a friend for help. She told her friend that Barone had broken into her home, threatened her with a knife, and demanded that she remove all of her clothing. Frozen in fear, the elderly woman did nothing and Barone left without harming her. Barone was arrested and sentenced to two months and 11 days in a Florida reform school. From Shoplifting to Burglary April 1977 - Barone was questioned and then released after he admitted to burglarizing three homes of elderly women who lived alone.   August 23, 1977 - Barone was arrested on another burglary charge, but released. August 24, 1977 - Barones fingerprints were found inside a home that had been burglarized near the Rodes home. Barone ultimately confessed to nine other burglaries and unlawful entry into two other homes, but only because the detective questioning him agreed not to press charges if Barone was honest. First Prison Sentence Barone, now 17 years old, never faced charges on the multiple burglaries, but he was arrested and charged with burglarizing the house where his fingerprints were found. On December 5, 1977, Barone was sentenced to three years in the Florida State Penitentiary.   At the time, Florida had a system that allowed young, nonviolent offenders to bypass the hardcore state prisons. Instead, Barone was sent to Indian River, a low-level prison that was more like a reformatory and that had liberal parole policies for inmates that adapted to the environment, did their jobs and behaved. At first, Barone appeared to be going along with the program. By the middle of January 1979, he was transferred to a low-security institution and permitted to work outside of the prison. If he continued on as he had been doing, he was looking at being paroled by May 1979, seven months short his three-year sentence. However, it wasnt in Barones design to be good, at least for not long. After being there for a month, Barone was cited for failing to be at his assigned job and also suspicion of stealing money from the job. He was promptly sent back to Indian River and all parole dates were off the table. Barone quickly cleaned up his act again, followed the rules and by November 13, 1979, he was released from prison. A Second Attack on Alice Stock Two weeks after Barone had returned home, Alice Stocks nude body was found in her bedroom. The autopsy report showed she had been beaten, raped, and sodomized with a foreign object. All evidence, although only circumstantial, pointed to Barone. The case remained officially unsolved. No Boundaries In January 1980, Barone and the rest of the Rode family, including the ex-stepmother Brenda, were still mourning the tragic death of Barones older brother Ricky, who had died in a car accident three days after Christmas. Ricky was the proverbial perfect son, a nice young man and a great brother to Barone, despite that they were opposites in every aspect of life. Most anyone who knew the Rodes probably shared a similar thought that the wrong brother had died. According to Brenda, she said as much directly to Barone during the funeral  but instantly regretted it.In an effort to make amends, she gave Barone a car that she no longer needed, a gift he readily accepted. A month later, Barone, now 19 years old, showed up at Brendas home and said he needed to talk and that he was upset about Ricky. She invited him in and although they did talk for awhile, that was not the real intention behind Barones visit. Just as he was about to leave, he viciously attacked Brenda and raped her, telling her he had thought about doing it for years. After the rape, he began to strangle her, but she fought and managed to escape to the bathroom. Barone left after several failed attempts to open the bathroom door. As soon as she felt it was safe to leave the bathroom, Brenda contacted her ex-husband and told him about the attack and showed him the bruises on her neck. Brenda and Rode decided not to call the police. Barones punishment was that he would no longer be part of the Rode family. Their relationship was forever severed. A Call to Mother Around mid-March 1980, Barone was arrested for attempted burglary. If found guilty, he was also going to be in trouble for violating his parole. He called his real mother and she posted his bail.   Mattie Marino Mattie Marino, age 70, was Barones grandmother on his mothers side. On the evening of April 12, 1980, Barone stopped by Matties apartment and said he needed to borrow thread. Then, according to Marino, Barone attacked her, hitting her with his fists and then beating her with a rolling pin. He then choked her and smiled while he applied more pressure. She begged him not to hit her again and he abruptly stopped, took her checkbook and money and left the apartment. Barone was found not guilty of the attempted murder of Marino. However, he was not a free man. His parole had been revoked for the March burglary charges and he went from the courtroom to a jail cell to await his trial that was scheduled for the following August. A Real Prison This Time In August, Barone was found guilty of burglary and sentenced to five years, but this time in a prison for adult criminals. Despite the judges sentence, if he followed the rules, he could be out in two years.   Typically, Barone could not follow rules and in July 1981, with just a little over one year left before being paroled, Barone attempted to escape while working on a highway. He continued to violate prison rules over the next month. This earned him an additional year onto his original sentence. Because of the attempted escape, Barone was moved to another prison.  It was decided that the best place for him was the Marion Correctional Institution. Barone was a trouble maker at Marion, just like he was at the other prisons. His infractions included fighting with other inmates, leaving his assigned work areas, and shouting obscenities at prison employees. He went from being categorized as a medium risk to the next highest level, a close (or high) risk inmate. He was transferred to the Cross City Correctional Institution and his new release date, if he stayed out of trouble, was October 6, 1986. Gladys Dean Gladys Dean was a 59-year-old prison employee that had worked for several years overseeing the prison kitchen. Barone was assigned to cleaning the room where the kitchen garbage was thrown and Dean was his supervisor. On August 23, 1983, Barone physically attacked Dean and tried to remove her clothing, then began to strangle her, but Dean managed to get the upper hand and Barone fled the kitchen. Barone continued to the test the system and during a search of his cell, pieces of a hacksaw were discovered under his mattress. Prison officials decided he was too high risk and at the end of October  1983, he was moved to the Florida State Prison, which was considered in the world of convicted criminals as being hard time. There he received an additional three-year sentence for the attack on Gladys Dean.   Barone was now looking at being in prison until 1993. Had he behaved he could have been out in 1982. This was possibly a wake-up call for Barone. He managed to stay out of trouble and was given a new parole date of April 1991. Ted Bundy During his time at Florida State Prison, Barones work assignment gave him the opportunity to meet and talk with serial killer Ted Bundy who was awaiting execution. Barone, who was in awe of Bundy, took pride in their supposed conversations and he liked to brag to the other inmates about it.   Prison Romance In July 1986, Barone and a woman from Seattle, Washington, 32-year-old Kathi Lockhart, began corresponding through letters. Lockhart had placed an ad in the singles section of the newspaper and Barone had answered it. In his first letter to Lockhart, he described himself as being an Italian from Milan and he inflated his educational background, saying he had studied languages in three different countries. He also added that he had been in the Italian Special Forces. Lockhart found his profile interesting and they continued to write to each other on a regular basis. It was during their correspondence that Barone (who was still going by his birth name, Jimmy Rode) decided to officially change his name to Cesar Barone. He explained to Lockhart that he had always felt that he should have the family name of the people who raised him in Italy.   Lockhart believed all of the lies that Barone fed her and they formed a relationship which was solidified face-to-face in April 1987 when Barone received an early parole date and was released from prison. With nothing left for him in Florida and with a feeling of liberation of having a new name, Barone headed to Seattle.

MSC COURSEWORK IN MANAGEMENT QUANTITATIVE METHODS AND EXCEL Assignment

MSC COURSEWORK IN MANAGEMENT QUANTITATIVE METHODS AND EXCEL - Assignment Example The scatter diagram for the individual purchase share (IPS) showed that customers spend from 30-60 per cent of their total income on Hindon products. Meanwhile, the histograms revealed that customer ratings were widely dispersed for Factors 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7, whereas Factors 5 and 6, IPS and overall satisfaction were found to be moderately dispersed. The combined scatterplots for Factors 8 and Factors 1 to 7, showed that: (1) Factor 8 has a very strong relationship with Factor 5 and overall satisfaction; (2) Factor 8 has a substantial to very strong association with Factors 1 and 2; and (3) Factor 8 has a low to moderate relationship with Factors 3, 6 and 7, although 7 tends to be negatively correlated with Factor 8. All these three generalizations were verified using correlation analysis. The complete workings with 26 figures and two tables are shown in Appendix 1. 2. The HD management is interested in finding out the average perceptions of HD  Factors 1 to 7 as seen by all of its customers. Do calculations to produce information on what you can say about these average perceptions on the basis of your sample.   Answers: The average customer satisfaction ratings are as follows: For Factor 1, 3.5; for Factor 2, 7.9, for Factor 3, 5.2; for Factor 4, 2.4; for Factor 5, 2.9; for Factor 6, 2.7; and for Factor 7, 7.0. From the average perceptions, it may be concluded that among Factors 1 to 7, Factor 2 or the design factor obtained the most favourable rating of 7.9 from the customers, followed by Factor 7 or the website quality factor with the second most favourable rating of 7.0. Factor 3 or the reliability factor was rated to be mediocre from an average of 5.2. The rest of the factors received very low ratings, with Factor 4 or the price factor getting the lowest average rating of 2.4. 3. The management of HD